: The enlarged veins cause blood to pool, raising the temperature of the scrotum. This thermal stress is believed to trigger a cascade of negative effects, including cellular damage, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress), and a drop in androgen levels. These factors can collectively lead to testicular tissue damage and impaired function.
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Soviet pediatric surgery reached a consensus on several key aspects of varicocele management, many of which were influenced by the work of .
II степень (пальпируется в покое, но визуально мошонка не изменена).
Several surgical techniques were in use during this period. High ligation of the internal spermatic vein according to the methods of Palomo or Bernardi was a common approach. In a series of 48 children who underwent high ligature of the internal spermatic vein for varicocele (Kraeft et al., 1981), postoperative outcomes showed complete resolution of the varicocele in 30 boys (62.5%), while in 18 patients (37.5%) the varicocele persisted—palpable in 9 and clearly visible in another 9. Only one patient (2.1%) developed a postoperative hydrocele. The authors concluded that high spermatic vein ligature provided good results with few complications in childhood, and that for persistent varicocele, collateral veins should be considered and ligated in a second operation. varikotsele u detey %281982%29
A retrospective analysis from Alder Hey Children’s Hospital (1984) also noted that the affected testis was softer and smaller in five patients, three of whom belonged to the marked varicocele group. Heinz (1980) had previously examined testicular biopsies from 10 boys with varicocele and found histological changes in the tubules, interstitium, and blood vessels similar to adult cases. These findings reinforced the notion that varicocele in children is not merely a cosmetic concern but a condition with tangible, potentially progressive effects on testicular morphology.
(suprainguinal ligation) was the primary treatment of choice during this era. However, complications like hydrocele (fluid buildup) and recurrence remained a focus of study. International Publications : A notable work published in 1982 was "Recidivation of Varicocele, Prophylaxis and Therapy"
A group of schoolchildren is shown visiting a medical center where a doctor conducts a screening and explains the three degrees of varicocele using animation. : The enlarged veins cause blood to pool,
Most children and adolescents with varicocele are asymptomatic. The condition is often discovered incidentally by the patient, a parent, or during a routine physical examination. Some patients may report a dull, aching pain in the scrotum or groin that worsens with prolonged standing or physical activity and improves when lying down.
If left untreated, varicoceles can potentially lead to complications such as:
Today, we know:
С помощью мультипликации авторы объясняли эмбриогенез нижней полой вены и левой яичковой вены, наглядно показывая причины застоя крови.
Dilated, winding veins are easily felt through the scrotal skin but are not prominently visible when lying down.
The 1982 article could only speculate on long-term fertility. They assumed – correctly – that: During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Soviet
: Varicocele is not visible. It is only detectable by touch ( palpation ) when the patient is straining (Valsalva maneuver).